CLAS 362, “Women and Gender in Antiquity”

Fall 2008              1:00–1:50 p.m. MWF                        ML 310

Course Website: http://w3.coh.arizona.edu/classes/mskinner/clas362/home.html

Marble image of married couple from Via Statilia. Second quarter of first century bce. Rome: Museo Montemartini. Photo from VRoma Project Image Archive.

Instructor:                   Marilyn B. Skinner (mskinner@u.arizona.edu)

Office:                                     LSB 214

Messages:                                621-7418 or 621-1689

Office Hours:                           MWF 2:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m.

Other times by appointment, or e-mail me at any time

Graduate Assistant:    Leigh Perry (lperry@email.arizona.edu)

Office:                                     LSB 209

Messages:                                621-1689 or 621-3025

Office Hours:                           TH 11:30 a.m. to 2:30 p.m.

Assigned Textbooks

1.     Robins, Gay. Women in Ancient Egypt. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993.

2.      Pomeroy, Sarah B. Goddesses, Whores, Wives and Slaves: Women in Classical Antiquity.
 2nd ed.
New York: Schocken, 1995.

3.     Euripides, Four Tragedies I, ed. David Grene and Richmond Lattimore. Chicago: Chicago, 1955.

4.      A Course Packet of additional required readings and writing assignment directions may be purchased from Fast Copy. Materials are also available on-line through the course website.

Requirements Met by This Course

CLAS 362 is a Tier Two Course in the University-Wide General Education Curriculum, located under the category of Individuals & Societies. Tier Two courses in Individuals & Societies study human behavior and the cognitive models and societal constructs that humans create.

CLAS 362 satisfies Gender/Race/Class/Ethnicity Non-Western Civilization requirements.

This course presupposes that you are able to write at a level appropriate for a student with junior or senior class standing. All students taking the course for credit will be expected to meet an upper-division level of writing proficiency. However, you will be given ample opportunity to improve your writing skills through personalized assistance from the instructor or the GAT followed by an opportunity to rewrite for a higher grade.

Objectives and Scope of the Course

Ancient Mediterranean gender systems provide a historically distanced model for understanding how social constructions of masculinity and femininity necessarily reflect a wide array of other cultural assumptions and how gender roles affect the lives and behaviors of individuals. This course is aimed at introducing you to classical Egyptian, Greek and Roman views of gender and sexuality and demonstrating their function in shaping the historical circumstances of women’s existence, in the hope that you will gain new insights into sexual difference as it operates within our own culture. A secondary objective is to provide practice in critical thinking through class discussion and writing reports and essays.

You will be asked to apply a spectrum of archaeological, historical, and literary approaches to Egyptian, Greek, and Roman materials. At the same time, you will practice critical thinking skills by analyzing both the content of gendered representations in public discourse and the questions normally asked of ancient evidence dealing with sex and gender issues. Reading materials will include English translations of ancient documents, literary and non-literary, and scholarly discussions of ancient evidence, accompanied by illustrations of ancient art, artifacts and monuments.

Course Requirements

ATTENDANCE AND PREPARATION. To get the most out of this course, it is important that you come to class each day with the complete reading assignment prepared in advance. Attendance will be taken and poor preparation will be noted. If you must be absent, please notify the GAT, Leigh Perry, beforehand. More than five unexcused absences will result in a lowered course grade.

WRITING ASSIGNMENTS. All written assignments must be typed or word processed. Handwritten submissions will not be accepted. Papers that do not meet minimum length requirements or do not otherwise conform to guidelines for reports and essays contained in the Fast Copy packet and posted on the website will be returned ungraded. Provisions for rewriting graded assignments in order to receive a higher grade are also contained in the Fast Copy packet. At the instructor’s discretion, unexcused late assignments may be penalized by lowering the grade. Late grades cannot be subsequently adjusted.

1.                 Short Papers. Four short papers will be assigned during the semester. Each paper must be at least 750 words long. You will be asked to view an ancient work of art or to read original Egyptian, Greek and Latin texts in translation. To assist you in interpreting these materials, you will also be expected to read one scholarly essay and then participate in a group discussion of the text or art work and the related article. During the following week, you will hand in an essay responding to a question set by the instructor.

2.                 Group Work. At the beginning of the semester, the class will be divided into two discussion groups, one led by the instructor and one by the GAT. You will continue to work with the same group throughout the semester. On designated discussion days, groups will meet to exchange insights about assigned materials and work out strategies for responding to the essay question. Attendance at discussion sessions is mandatory. An unexcused absence will lower your paper grade.

3.                 Book Reports. With the permission of the instructor, and for good reason (for example, prior conflict making it impossible to participate in a discussion group), a student may substitute a report on a scholarly book for one of the paper assignments. Arrangements for substituting a book report must be made in advance with the instructor or the GAT, or the report will not be accepted. Book reports must be handed in no later than the same day the paper assignment is due and will count the same as the paper assignment. The report must be on a book dealing with the same general topic as the paper assignment: that is, for the paper assignment on Roman marriage a student has to substitute a report on a book dealing with Roman women, not one dealing with Egyptian or Greek women. A list of acceptable books in each subject area is contained in your course packet and posted on the website. Guidelines and a sample report may also be found there. Reports must be of no less than 500 words and must demonstrate thorough understanding of the book in question.

EXAMINATIONS. There will be a one-hour midterm examination and a two-hour final examination. Examinations will be objective, testing knowledge of factual material learned from readings and class lectures. The final may include materials previously covered on the midterm. Test format could contain any or all of the following: brief identifications, true or false and multiple choice questions, matching columns, and short answer questions.

GRADING. Each student will be given a writing assignment grade based upon the average of the four individual paper grades, with each paper counting 25%. A grade for the outcomes of the midterm and final examination will also be assigned, with higher weighting given to the final. The course grade will be the average of those two components. Attendance, preparation, and class participation will be taken into account in borderline situations. I reserve the right to modify the grading procedure described above in the interests of overall fairness.

To pass this course, you must complete all written assignments. Even though you may have received a satisfactory grade on your tests, failure to hand in one or more papers will result in an automatic failing grade in the course.

PLEASE NOTE: As a matter of policy, I do not give extensions on assignments or grant incompletes except in documented cases involving a serious personal emergency (e.g., illness requiring hospitalization, death in family, etc.). You will be expected to take examinations and hand in papers on the appointed dates as specified below. Please plan your schedules accordingly.

Surf and Turf

Dedicated Internet surfers should be aware of a crucial electronic resource for the study of ancient women in the Near East (including Egypt), Greece and Rome. The site is called DIOTIMA, and the URL is http://www.stoa.org/diotima. DIOTIMA contains syllabi for many other “Women in Antiquity” and “Gender and Sexuality” courses, numerous bibliographies on particular subjects related to the study of ancient women and gender, images, links to articles and abstracts, and much, much more! (Check out my own syllabus and lecture notes for an earlier version of this course, CLAS 330.)

I will give you additional credit on the short papers and book reports if you include relevant information you have gained from a DIOTIMA web link (e.g., a quotation from a scholarly review of the book you are reporting on). To insure that you receive credit for the citation, you must footnote the “turf” where you found it, i.e., the precise URL. I will follow up on that.

The vast array of materials on DIOTIMA might tempt you to download and hand in work not your own, especially if you’re writing the assignment at three in the morning of the day it’s due (not a good idea anyway). Don’t. I’m very familiar with what’s posted there, and I can always recognize language that has been “patched in” from another source. For the consequences if you’re found out, see below.

Cheating and Plagiarism

Violations of the Code of Academic Integrity, which prohibits students from cheating on examinations or attempting to earn credit for written work not their own, will be punished by the instructor in accordance with sanctions prescribed by the Code. Sanctions that may be imposed by the instructor include a written warning, a grade reduction or loss of credit for the work involved, and a failing grade in the course. Instructors may also recommend probation, suspension or expulsion.

Disruptive Behavior

Please show courtesy to your classmates at all times and avoid behavior that makes it difficult for others to concentrate on the lecture and discussion (such as talking among yourselves while someone else has the floor, making noisy entrances and exits during class time, etc.). Reading a newspaper during the lecture irritates instructors, who wonder why you bothered to attend class. Turn off cell phones before entering the classroom; beepers should be set to vibrate, not sound. Please leave the classroom if you must respond to the beeper. Cell phones must be switched off and put away during tests. In cases of habitual, seriously disruptive conduct, the instructor reserves the right to academically drop the offender.

Adult Content

Analysis of medical writings and texts concerned with sexual norms and behavior is an essential aspect of the study of gender in the ancient Mediterranean world. Such texts form part of the assigned reading for the course. I will make every effort to present them in an objective and non-offensive way. For your information, I have also indicated which books available for book reports deal with sexually explicit materials. Needless to say, providing information about pre-modern notions of gender, sexuality, and sexual mores does not constitute an endorsement of those notions!

Books on Reserve

Books available for book reports are held at the reserve desk on the first floor of the main library on campus. They are on 7-day reserve. It is library policy, however, to put any book reserved for more than one course on 2-hour reserve; I can’t do anything about that, so please don’t complain to me. Books placed on the list were chosen because they address issues specifically dealt with in this course. Other books may not be substituted for those on the list.

Schedule

Week 1, Aug. 25–29: Introduction; Women and Power in Egypt

Readings: Robins, “Introduction” and chapters 1–2; “Osiris, Isis, and Horus” and “Genealogy of 18th Dynasty Kings” (Course Packet or Website)

Week 2, Sept. 3–6: Biological and Familial Roles

Readings: Robins, chapters 3–4

Week 3, Sept. 8–12: Women’s Labor

Readings: Robins, chapters 5–6

Group Discussion Preparation: Introduction to First Paper; “New Kingdom Love Poem” (ancient text assigned for first paper); Meskell, “Love, Eroticism, and the Sexual Self” (Course Packet or Website).

GROUP DISCUSSION: September 12

Week 4, Sept. 15–19: Economic and Legal Position of Women; Religion; Death

Readings: Robins, chapters 7–9

First paper due September 19

Week 5, Sept. 22–26: Female Images in Egyptian Literature and Art; Greek Myth and Epic

Readings: Robins, chapter 10 and “Conclusion”; Pomeroy, chapters 1 and 2

Week 6, Sept. 29–Oct. 3: Greek Gynecology and Greek Sexual Ideology

Readings: Dean-Jones, “Medicine: The ‘Proof’ of Anatomy”; Skinner, “Introduction” to Sexuality in Greek and Roman Culture (Course Packet or Website)

Group Discussion Preparation: Introduction to Second Paper; excerpts from Xenophon’s Memoirs of Socrates and Apollodorus, Against Neaera (ancient texts assigned for second paper); Davidson, “A Purchase on the Hetaera” (Course Packet or Website).

GROUP DISCUSSION: October 3

Week 7, Oct. 6–10: Women in Archaic Greece

Reading: Pomeroy, chapter 3

Second paper due October 10

Week 8, Oct. 13–17: Women in Classical Athens: Public Life

Reading: Pomeroy, chapter 4

Week 9, Oct. 20–24: Women in Classical Athens: Private Life

Readings: Pomeroy, chapter 5; “Women and Housing in Classical Greece” (Course Packet or Website)

Midterm Review October 24

MIDTERM—October 27

Week 10, Oct. 29–31: Images of Women in Greek Literature

Readings: Pomeroy, chapter 6; Euripides, Medea, in Grene and Lattimore

Week 11, Nov. 3–7: Women in the Hellenistic World

Readings: Pomeroy, chapter 7; “Aftermath” and “Epigrams by Women from the Greek Anthology” (Course Packet or Website)

Group Discussion Preparation: Introduction to Third Paper; two epigrams by Anyte (ancient texts assigned for third paper); Greene, “Playing with Tradition: Gender and Innovation in the Epigrams of Anyte” (Course Packet or Website).

GROUP DISCUSSION: November 7

Week 12, Nov. 10–14: Women in Greco-Roman Egypt

Readings: Pomeroy, chapter 7 (continued)

Third paper due November 14

Week 13, Nov. 17–21: Elite Women in Roman Law and Society

Readings: Pomeroy, chapter 8; “Cornelia’s Letter to Gaius Gracchus” and “Favorinus on Wet-Nursing” (Course Packet or Website)

Week 14, Nov. 24–26: Working-Class Roman Women

Readings: Pomeroy, chapter 9; Introduction to Fourth Paper.

Note: there will be no group discussion for the fourth paper.

Week 15, Dec. 1–5: Women in Roman Religion

Readings: Pomeroy, chapter 10

Week 16, Dec. 8–10: Egypt Revisited; Final Examination Review

Readings: Pomeroy, “Epilogue” and “The Aretalogy of Isis” (Course Packet or Website)

Optional Extra Credit Paper and assigned fourth paper will both be due December 10 (no extensions)

FINAL EXAMINATION: 11:00 a.m.–1:00 p.m., Friday, December 19, 2008 in ML 310